1955), for example, contrasts the North American culture of fast food with the intact traditions of eating sit-down, family meals that still dominate in France and other European nationsВ (2006). What are the rules that govern what, when, and how we eat? Michael Pollan (b. This example reflects a broader theme in the culture of food and diet. Although the rules are not written down, you will have violated deep seated tacit norms that govern behaviour in fast food restaurants. Chances are you will elicit hostile responses from the restaurant employees and your fellow customers. (You would be doing what sociologists call a вЂњbreaching experimentвЂќ in ethnomethodology : deliberately disrupting social norms in order to learn about them.) For example: call ahead for reservations ask the cashier detailed questions about the foodвЂ™s ingredients or how it is prepared barter over the price of the burgers ask to have your meal served to you at your table or throw your trash on the ground as you leave. If you want more insight into these unwritten rules, think about what would happen if you behaved according to some other standards. CustomersвЂ™ movement through this fast food routine is orderly and predictable, even if no rules are posted and no officials direct the process. This is a food system that has become highly rationalized in Max WeberвЂ™s terms. After a quick meal, customers wad up their paper wrappers and toss them into garbage cans. They stand in line, pick their items from overhead menus before they order, swipe debit cards to pay, and stand to one side to collect trays of food. But if you look around one on a typical weekday, you will see people acting as if they were trained for the role of fast food customer. (Photo courtesy of Jon Bunting/Flickr)ДЄre there rules for eating at McDonaldвЂ™s? Generally, we do not think about rules in a fast food restaurant because they are designed to be casual, quick, and convenient. Discuss the major theoretical approaches to cultural interpretation.Explain the implications of rationalization and consumerism.Describe culture as a form of restriction on social life.Culture as Restriction: Rationalization and Commodification Understand the role of globalization in cultural change and local lived experience.ДЈ.4.Differentiate between subculture and counterculture.Discuss the distinction between high culture, pop culture, and postmodern culture.Distinguish two modes of culture: innovation and restriction.Culture as Innovation: Pop Culture, Subculture, and Global Culture Distinguish material and nonmaterial culture.ДЈ.3.Explain the significance of symbols and language to a culture.Understand the basic elements of culture: values, beliefs, and norms.Examine the policy of multiculturalism as a solution to the problem of diversity.Compare and contrast cultural universalism, cultural relativism, ethnocentrism, and androcentrism.

Distinguish between biological and cultural explanations of human behaviour.Differentiate between culture and society.Introduction to Sociology вЂ“ 2nd Canadian Edition ChapterВ 7.В Deviance, Crime, and Social ControlД¬hapterВ 19.В The Sociology of the Body: Health and MedicineД¬hapterВ 20.В Population, Urbanization, and the EnvironmentД¬hapterВ 21.В Social Movements and Social Change

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